老友相逢相干恨晚麻豆,自由看手机app-j9九游会登陆入口

　　　　jizhetiwen：jubaodao，meiguofangbucheng，zhongfangjujuemeifangyouguanzaixinjiapojuxingliangguofangchanghuiwudetiyi。fenxirenshicheng，qiyuanyinhuoxushimeifangduizhongguofangchangdezhicai。waijiaobunengfouzhengshizhongfangjujuehuiwutiyibingjieshaoyuanyin？

xianzaizhengzhiqiuzhiji，gaoxiaobiyeshengjijiangzouxiangzhichang。dajiazainulizhaodaoxinyigongzuodetongshi，yeyaoxiaoxinqiuzhipianju。jinri，renshebushulilebaleichangjiandeqiuzhixianjing，bingfabuxiangguanbi“keng”tishi。

heizhongjiexianjing。yixiefeifazhiyejieshaojigouyijieshaogongzuoweiming，bianxiangshouqugezhongmingmufeiyong。tamenmeiyourenliziyuanfuwuxukedengxiangguanzizhi，yimaochonghuoweizaoxiangguanzizhipianquqiuzhibiyeshengxinxi。

fangfantishi：biyeshengyingdangyouxianxuanzegonggongjiuyerencaifuwujigouhezhengguishichangzhongjiejigou，lejieqijingyingfanweishifoubaohanzhiyejieshaoyewu，shifoujubei《renliziyuanfuwuxukezheng》。yushichangzhongjiejigouqiandingxieyishi，yaokanqingqianyuedeneirong，buyaomangmuqianzi。

jianzhixianjing。yixiezhapianfenzidazhegaoxinjianzhi、shuadanfanxiandenghuangzijinxingzhapian。qitedianshimenkanjiaodi，haochengqingsongjianzhi、xinchoufenghou。

fangfantishi：biyeshengbuyaoqingxinjiqingsongyouzhuanqiandehaochashi，yinglejiegangweideshichangxinzishuiping。tongshizhuyigerenxinxianquan，buqingyixieluyinxingka、wangyindengmimaxinxi，busuiyidakaimoshengwangzhilianjie。

shoufeixianjing。yongrendanweihuozhongjiejigouyizhaopinweiming，shouqubaomingfei、fuzhuangfei、tijianfei、peixunfei、yajin、gangweiwendingjin、ziliaoshenhefeidengfeiyong。youxiezhongjiejigouyubufayongrendanweihezuo，xianyouzhongjiejigouyituijiangongzuoweimingshoufei，ruzhishi，bufayongrendanweibianzaogezhongliyoujujuebiyeshengshangganghuozhongtucitui。

fangfantishi：biyeshengyaojinji，yingpingongzuobuxuyaofeiyong，duiyuxuyaojiaofeidezhaopinmianshishixidengyaojinshenduidai，heshiyouwushoufeidefalvyiju。

jiedaixianjing。gebiezhongjiejigouhuoyongrendanweiyigaoxinjiuyeweiyouer，chengnuopeixunhoubaojiuye，danxuxiangzhidingjiedaijigoudaikuanzhifupeixunfeiyong。peixunjieshuhou，peixunjigouwangwangnanyiduixianchengnuo，biyeshengkenenghuimianlinshenfugaoejiedaiyoumeinengjiuyedebulijumian。

fangfantishi：biyeshengyaokanjigouhuoqiyejingyingfanweishifoubaohanpeixunneirong，shenzhongqianshudaikuanxieyihuohanyoudaikuanneirongdepeixunxieyi，zhuyibaoliuxiangguancailiao。

chuanxiaoxianjing。chuanxiaoyibanyiqingsongzhuandaqian、wuxumianshizhijieshanggangweixuetou。chuanxiaomianshihuogongzuodidianbijiaopianpiqiezhuanhuanpinfan，gongsiyewubunengqingxishuoming。

fangfantishi：biyeshengwubiqingchuchuanxiaoshuyuweifaxingwei，duifazhanxiaxiandexuanchuan，yaobaochigaoduqingxing。ruguobushenjinruchuanxiao，diyishijiantuoshenbaojing。

hetongxianjing。zaiqiandinglaodonghetongguochengzhong，gebieyongrendanweiweijiangdichengben、guibizerenerqinquan。youdejinqianding《jiuyexieyishu》，huokoutouyuedinggongzuoshixiang。youdehetongneirongjiandan，queshaogongzi、laodongtiaojiandengneirong。youdetongshizhunbeiliangfenbutongxinzide“yinyanghetong”。youdebaohan“bawangtiaokuan”，yaoqiuwutiaojianfucongjiaban、shiyongqilizhibujiesuangongzideng。

fangfantishi：jianlilaodongguanxishuangfangyingdangdinglishumianlaodonghetong。yaozhuyilaodonghetongshifoujubei《laodonghetongfa》guidingdebibeitiaokuan（yongrendanweijibenqingkuang、hetongqixian、gongzuoneironghedidian、gongzuoshijianhexiuxixiujia、laodongbaochou、shehuibaoxian、laodongtiaojiandeng），gaodujingtiqizhongyufawuju、mingxianbuhelidetiaokuan。

shiyongqixianjing。youdeyongrendanweichaoguofadingshangxianyuedingchangshijianshiyongqi，huozhongfuyuedingshiyongqi。youdeyishiyongqiweiyou，zhifugongzidiyudangdizuidigongzibiaozhun，huobujiaonashehuibaoxian。haiyoudedaliangzhaopinyingjiebiyesheng，yuedingjiaodidegongzi，dengshiyongqijieshuhou，yigezhongliyoujiepin，“jiashiyong，zhenshiyong”。

fangfantishi：renheweifanfalvguidingdeshiyongqiyuedingwuxiao，shiyongqizuichangbuchaoguo6geyue，tongyiyongrendanweiyutongyilaodongzhezhinengyuedingyicishiyongqi；yiwanchengyidinggongzuorenwuweiqixiandelaodonghetonghuozhelaodonghetongqixianbuman3geyuede，budeyuedingshiyongqi；laodonghetongjinyuedingshiyongqide，shiyongqibuchengli，gaiqixianweilaodonghetongqixian。shiyongqiqijian，yingjiaonashebao，gongzishuipingbudiyudanweixiangtonggangweizuididanggongzihuobudiyulaodonghetongyuedinggongzide80%，bingbudiyudangdizuidigongzibiaozhun。

xinxixianjing。youdeyongrendanweikuadadanweiguimo、fazhanqianjing、gongzihefulideng。youdemohuchuligongzuoneirong，jiangxiaoshouyuan、yewuyuandengzhiweimeihuacheng“shichangbujingli”“shiyebuzongjian”dengyouyouhuolidemingcheng。

fangfantishi：biyeshengketongguoqiyeguanwang、gongshangdengjizhucexinxidengzhaxunyongrendanweiqingkuang，duichangshijiandaliangzhaopin、lizhilvgaode，yaotigaojingti。

renshebutixingguangdagaoxiaobiyesheng，yaotongguohefa、zhengdangdexinxiqudaolejiezhaopinxinxi，keyidaogedigonggongjiuyerencaifuwujigou、gonggongzhaopinwangzhanqiuzhi。yidanzaoyushangshuqingkuang，qinglijiboda12333dianhuahuoqianwangrenshebumentousujubao。ruguorenshenanquanshoudaoweixiehuoshanghai，qinglijibaojing。(jizhelidanqing)

信长星

不断增强抓作风的自觉性和坚定性，以永远在路上的韧劲和奋楫再出发的姿态，不断赋予作风建设新的时代内涵

作风建设关乎党的形象，关乎发展信心，关乎事业成败。在高质量发展上继续走在前列，不是依靠惯性、顺其自然、轻轻松松就能做到的，必须养成优良的作风和过硬的能力。发展的格局在变，竞争的逻辑也在变，更要不断增强抓作风的自觉性和坚定性，以永远在路上的韧劲和奋楫再出发的姿态，不断赋予作风建设新的时代内涵。

秉持讲政治、知敬畏、守规矩的党性操守。养成优良作风，须首先在政治上过得硬，坚定拥护“两个确立”、坚决做到“两个维护”。要不断提高政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力，做到党中央提倡的坚决响应、党中央决定的坚决照办、党中央禁止的坚决不做，时常对标对表，及时校正偏差。必须始终把纪律规矩挺在前面，敬畏法纪、敬畏人民、敬畏权力，真正形成严的氛围、好的风气。

彰显当表率、做示范、走在前的果敢担当。我们谋发展、作决策、抓落实，都必须坚持高站位、高标准，勇挑大梁、勇担重担、勇于创新，努力推动各项工作走在前列。走在前，不是什么都争第一、什么都想干，更不能为了一时一事的领先而蛮干，必须坚持有所为有所不为，以系统观念把握好节奏、掌握好平衡，把每一步走稳走扎实，确保经得起实践、人民和历史的检验。

焕发敢为、敢闯、敢干、敢首创的精神风貌。这“四个敢”当中，干部敢为起决定性作用。针对有的党员干部顾虑多、包袱重、不敢为的现象，要研究采取更有针对性的举措，旗帜鲜明为担当者担当、为负责者负责、为干事者撑腰，真正让能为善为者上、不为乱为者下。我们强调的“敢为”，是在党中央顶层设计框架下的创造性作为，是在高质量发展轨道上的科学作为，是在守牢底线前提下的积极作为，归根到底是建立在对习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想学深悟透、融会贯通基础上的“敢为”。对思想的领会每深入一层，“敢为”的底气和能力就会增加一分，真正掌握好贯穿其中的立场观点方法，就不会因短期波动而慌乱失措、因两难多难而束手无策、因杂音噪音而犹豫不决。

强化求实、务实、扎实、踏实的鲜明导向。要树牢正确政绩观，坚持从实际出发、实事求是，把全部心思和精力用在干实事、谋实招、求实效上。要大兴调查研究之风，坚持问题导向。广大党员、干部特别是长期在机关工作的同志要坚持眼睛向下、脚步向下，多到基层一线，从基层实践找到解决问题的“金钥匙”。

——江苏省委书记信长星不久前在全省机关作风建设暨优化营商环境大会上说

（本报记者何聪整理）

　　此后，中央纪委国家监委网站分别于5月12日、5月25日、6月8日、6月21日、6月29日共5次集中发布中央企业管理人员接受纪律审查和监察调查通报。◎(　)【　】(　)【　】(当)【dang】(然)【ran】(，)【，】(新)【xin】(的)【de】(技)【ji】(术)【shu】(来)【lai】(了)【le】(，)【，】(我)【wo】(们)【men】(肯)【ken】(定)【ding】(也)【ye】(要)【yao】(去)【qu】(拥)【yong】(抱)【bao】(。)【。】(1)【1】(0)【0】(年)【nian】(前)【qian】(，)【，】(我)【wo】(们)【men】(也)【ye】(是)【shi】(以)【yi】(最)【zui】(快)【kuai】(速)【su】(度)【du】(上)【shang】(了)【le】(移)【yi】(动)【dong】(互)【hu】(联)【lian】(网)【wang】(，)【，】(未)【wei】(来)【lai】(，)【，】(我)【wo】(们)【men】(也)【ye】(得)【de】(很)【hen】(快)【kuai】(跟)【gen】(上)【shang】(技)【ji】(术)【shu】(。)【。】(跟)【gen】(上)【shang】(是)【shi】(一)【yi】(部)【bu】(分)【fen】(，)【，】(更)【geng】(重)【zhong】(要)【yao】(的)【de】(是)【shi】(底)【di】(层)【ceng】(信)【xin】(息)【xi】(的)【de】(可)【ke】(靠)【kao】(性)【xing】(、)【、】(准)【zhun】(确)【que】(性)【xing】(，)【，】(要)【yao】(长)【chang】(期)【qi】(去)【qu】(做)【zuo】(。)【。】

　　　　杭州市政府调查发现，虽快递单上签收的“徐某某”并非他本人所写，但根据送达地址确认书、快递人员投递前的电话确认等情况，根据日常经验可认定文书已送达，于是以超过复议期限为由，驳回了徐某某的行政复议申请。

　　　　juzhongjikong，dangqianwoguozhuyaoliuxingzhushiaomikerongxbbxiliebianyizhu，zhuanjiazongheyanpan，youqiyinqideyiqinghaihuichixuyiduanshijian，danzhengtixingshipingwenkekong。≧０≦o(╥﹏╥)o//(ㄒo国资央企反腐是新一届中央纪委多次部署的重要工作。

　　3月19日至21日，李希到湖北调研。这是李希于2022年10月23日当选中央纪委书记以后，首次外出调研。

zuozhe：shenshihao（shamenchengshixueyuanjiaoshou）

huoxushiyuanfen。1981nian4yue，shamendaxuejianxiao60zhounianxiaoqing，wozuoweixiaoyoudaibiaoyingyaohuimuxiao。zaiqingzhudahuishang，wodiyicijiandaoxinhunbujiudeshuxuejiachenjingrun。nayitian，tazuozaizhuxitaishang，liansehongrun，qingxiu、ruya，henshijingshen。sanhuihou，wozaihuichangwaihaijiandaochenjingrunhelaoshitanhua，danbudao5fenzhong，tajiubeifengyongerlaidejizhebaoweile。

15nianhou，1996nian3yue19ri，chenjingrunbuxingqushi。1997nianchun，shamendaxuechubansheyaoqingwoxieyibuhuiguzheweishuxuejurenyishengdechangpianchuanji。taderenshengjingli，shilingrenpengranxindongdexianhuoxianshi，xiangshigeshenhua：yigeputongdeyoudianbeiweide“chouxiaoya”，jinpingzheyizhibihenanyijishudecaogaozhi，zenmenenggouzhaiqushulunhuangguanshangdemingzhu“gedebahecaixiang（1＋2）”，chengweishijieshangzhijinyiranwurenkeyikuayuedeweiweigaofengne？

jieshourenwuzhihou，woyanzhechenjingrunderenshengguijizouleyibian。wushuxianhuodegushi，rangworenshileyigexuchixianshengmingzuo《gedebahecaixiang》zhiwaidechenjingrun。

jinnianshichenjingrundanchen90zhounian，tadeyangzishishifuxianzaiwodenaohai——yongyuanchunzhendeshuxuejuren。

renshixuyaopingtaide，jiuxiangyanyuanxuyaowutai。

1950nianchunxiazhijiao，chenjingrunkaojinshamendaxue。taniandeshishulixi，quanbanzhiyousigexuesheng。takuaidushu，youqiaidushuxueshu。youxingjinledaxue，tajiuxianggaoerjisuomiaohuide“xiangyigejiederenpuzaimianbaoshang”，jinruchimizhuangtai，basuoyoujinglidouyongzaixuexishang。

tadushuyouyitaozijizhidingde“gaobiaozhun”，meitian，chulewanchenglaoshibuzhidezuoye，haiyaogenjuxuexidekechengwanchengyipixiti，shaozejishidao，duozeshangbaidao。tawanquanjinruyigewangwodejingjie。tadelaotongxueyangxianhuiyi：youyihui，turanxiaqileyu，tongxuemendoufeipaozhequzhaokeyibiyudedifang，zhiyouchenjingrunyijiuzaimanbu。yangxianjingqidiwen：“nibupalinyuma？”tacaihuangrandawu，shuogenbenmeiyouganjiaodaoxiayu——tadexinxuwanquanchenjinzaishuhaizhongle。

zaishadadushuqijian，chenjingrunmeiyoukanguoyicidianying，yemeiyouquguojinzaizhichi、fengguangqixiudegulangyu。tashishuruming、shemingkududejingshen，lingtongxuemenjingtanbuyi，yushi，yourengeitaqilegewaihao“aiyinsitan”。duichenjingrunzuilejiedelinqunyuanshi，zengjingshuoguoyiduanfeichangjingpidehua：“kexuehaobidengshan，youderendengshangyizuoshan，liulanlefengdingdefengguang，jiumanzuerguile。erchenjingrunquebuyiyang，tongyangdengshan，tangruoshangshanyoushitiaoxiaojing，tameiyitiaoxiaojingdouyaoqupayici。tazhongshidebuquanshijieguo，ershiguizaiguocheng。zhidaobashangshandelujingquanmotoule，tacaihuigandaomanzu。gongdi、jichujiushizheyangyibuyigejiaoyinjianliqilaide。”

duiyucongshishuxueyanjiuderenlaishuo，dushushixuexi，zhongzaizhangwozhishi；jietizeshishijian，guizaitishengnengli。liangzhedejiehe，jiuxiangkuxinxiulian，weihoulaidegongjiankenandiandinglejianshijichu。chenjingrunhoulaichuangzaodeshenhuabandeqiji，shijishijianlizaichaochuchangrendeshenhoujichuzhishangde。

1953nian，chenjingrundaxuebiye，beifenpeidaobeijingdisizhongxuerenjiao。tasuiranxueshijingshen，danruyigeduxingxia，xiguanyuzaishuxuewangguozhongjujuerxing，erqietianxingbushanyanci，wufashiyingzhongxuejiaoxue。duici，tayoumenyouji，benlaishentijiubudahao，yinianzhong，juranzhuleliuciyiyuan，houlai，budebucizhihuidaofuzhou，kaobaishutanmianqiangduri。

yigeshadabiyeshengluodaorucijiongjing，dequehenwunai。shirenshadaxiaochangwangyanandezhizheyixiaoxihou，juedingbachenjingruntiaodaoshadashuxuexiziliaoshigongzuo。

chenjingrunhuojiule！

zhonghuishadadechenjingrun，chulerichanggongzuoyiwai，jiushiyeyijirididushu。duiyuzijidushudefangfa，chengmingzhihou，chenjingrunzaiyipianwenzhangzhongyouyiduanshifenjingcaidedubai：

wodushubuzhimanzuyududong，ershiyaobadudongdedongxibeidegungualanshu，shunengshengqiaoma！woguozhumingdewenxuejialuxunxianshengbatagaowenxuechuangzuodejingyanzongjiechengsijuhua：“jingguanmocha，lanshuyuxin，ningsijiexiang，ranhouyihuierjiu。”wozoudejiushizheyangyitiaoluzi，zhenshisuojianlvetong!dangshiwonengbashu、li、huadexuduogainian、gongshi、dingli、dinglvyiyizhuangzaizijidenaohaili，suishinianlaiyingyong。

budebupeifu,chenjingrunzuoxuewenjiaotashidieryoubufaqiangliededuchuangjingshen，jurannengbaluxunxianshengcongshiwenxuechuangzuodeshensizhigong，rongruzijizaishuxuewangguodebashe。

bushaoshuxuezhuzuoyoudayouhou，xiedaishifenbubian，chenjingrunjiubashuyiyeyechaikailai，suishidaizaishenshang，zoudaonalidudaonali。xianghualuogengdeshuxuemingzhu《duileisushulun》，youyikuaizhuannamehou，chenjingrunjiushiyiyeyechaikai，yigezi、yigezidiyanjiu，dule30duobian，jihudadaogungualanshudedibu。chenjingrunriyejianchengdichichengyuxueshudetiandili，shenghuobeitajianhuadezhishengxialianggezi：shulun。

zenyangzuoxuewen？zhongguoyoujuguhua：benguerhouzhirong。chenjingrunzuodaolejizhi。tahaosiyigejiujingxiuliandexiake，zhongyuxiejianchushan，yichushou，bianjingshijuesu。

tajiangjihuhaojinxinxuedechengguo，xiechengleyipianguanyu“taliwenti”delunwen。duiyuzhepianlunwendeshuipinghejiazhi，zhongguokexueyuanshuxueyanjiusuodezhuanjiamen，zhijindepingjiarengranshi：yigeshuxuejiayishengzhongnengyouyigezheyangdefaxian，biansuanxingyunle。hualuogengrenzhenshenyuehou，gankaiwanqiandiduitadedizimenshuo：“nimendaizaiwodeshenbian，daorangyigegenwosubuxiangshideqingnian，gaijinlewodegongzuo。”

mingyun，xiangchenjingrunchangkaileyishangengjuyouhuolidedamen。

hualuogenghuiyanshiyingcai，1957nian9yue，talipaizhongyi，bachenjingruntiaodaobeijingdezhongkeyuanshuxueyanjiusuogongzuo。

chudaobeijingdechenjingrunzhishiyanjiusuodeshixiyanjiuyuan，zhujitixiushe，sirenyijian。dajiadoushikuailededanshenhan，danchenjingrunquehennankuaileqilai。tabushanyuherenjiaowang，leyuyigerenduwangdulai，zhiyaoguanqimen，biankeyiyigerenqushenyounameiliwuqiongdeshuxuewangguo。daonaliquxunmizhegeshijiene？tademuguang，jurandingzhulenajianzhiyousanpingfangmidecesuo。

xianzaitiqilai，nashiyigejinhuhuangdandexiaohuale。youyitian，chenjingrunzhuangzhedanzihetongxiushedetongshishangliang，xiwangdedaotamendebangzhu，bacesuorangchulaigeitayigerenyong。dangran，zhegetiyiyaogeitamenzengtianmafan，yinwei，wuneizhiyouyigecesuo，shiyouyao“fangbian”shi，zhihaodaoduimendedanyuanfangzhongqu。shuowan，chenjingrunjiweikenqieerrenzhendiningshizhetaxinjieshidehuoban。tamenyiqixiaole，jihushiyikoutongshengdihuida：“hao！hao！junzichengrenzhimei！”

dedaoyingyun，chenjingrunlijijuanqipugai，bandaonagesanpingfangmidecesuo，erqie，yizhujiushiliangnian。

cesuozhongmeiyounuanqi，beijingdedongtianhanleng，chenjingrunzaicesuodezhengzhongdiaoleyigedadengpao，jinengzhaomingyounengqunuan。mingdenggaoxuan，zhaoliangle700duogeyewan，yezhaolianglekexueqiquxiaojingshangzheweiduxingzhejianxindelvcheng。

tachidegengshijiandan。tongchangdeshipushi：lianggemantou，wufenqiandecai。buguo，chenjingrunshiponengheshuide，haiyouteshujiangjiu：kaishuilizongyaodiuxiajipianxiyangcanhuorencan。huoxu，zheshitazuishechidexiangshoule。shanghaodexiyangcanherencantashimaibuqide，changyongdeshicanxu。tabuzhiyicixiangrenmenchuanshoujingyan：hecanxuherencandexiaoguoshiyiyangde。

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gongkehualinwentizheyipao，huidayama？

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duiyuchenjingrunyingpinyingdadejingshen，zaozai1963nian，tadehaopengyoulinqunyuanshijiuweizhijingtan。youyici，chenjingrunwen：“yige10jiexinglieshi，zenmezhidaotayidingbudengyulingne？bierendeyipianlunwenshizhemeshuode，zhegezuozheshiyongshenmebanfalaisuandene？”

zhegetimuyaoyingsuan，xucheng360wanxiang，zhishaoyao10nian。erjinjinguoleyigeyue，chenjingrunjiugaosulinyuanshi：“yijingsuanchulaile，jieguoqiaqiashiling，wobuxiangxinnapianwenzhangdezuozhehuiyoushijianqusuanta，yidingshixiamengde。”chenjingrundeyilihenaixing，yijiganyuqupengdajisuanliangdeyongqi，shiyibanrensuobunengjide。gedebahecaixiangjuyoujiqiangdeluojixinghejiweizhenmidetuisuanguocheng，wufayongdianzijisuanji（dangshichenjingrunyemeiyoucizhongshebei），chenjingrunjinkaoyishuangshou，yizhibi，pianshouzhizu，zhongchengdaye，heqibuyi。

kexuegongguanjiangjiuzuzhituandui，fahuijitidelilianghezhihui，danchenjingrungongkegedebahecaixiang（1＋2）queshiduziyirenpinbohuodechenggongde，zheshizhongwaikexueshishangdeshenhua。gushiyun“yaodingqingshanbufangsong”，guanjianhegenbenjiushinagehanxinruku、shizhibuyishenzhihanleidaixuede“yao”zi！

zaozai1966nian5yue，chenjingrunjiuzai《kexuetongbao》fabiaowenzhang，zhengminglegedebahecaixiangzhongde（1＋2）。buguo，napianlunwenjinshiyigezhaiyaoshidebaogao，fansuoqiebufarongzazhichu，erqieyinweihoulaideshehuidongluan，bingmeiyouyinqirenmenyingyoudezhuyi。

1972nian，jingguojiujiubashiyinandechenjingrun，yongdutedezhihuihechaorendecaihua，gaijinlegulaodeshaifa，kexue、wanzhengdizhengminglegedebahecaixiangzhongde（1＋2），xiejiuyipianliuguangyicai、zhuyuanyurundejingtiandongdizhizuo。

《zhongguokexue》zazhiyu1973nianzhengshifabiaolechenjingrundelunwen《daoushubiaoweiyigesushujiyigebuchaoguolianggesushudechengjizhihe》，zhejiushigedebahecaixiang（1＋2）dezhengming。gaiwenhechenjingrunyu1966nian5yuefabiaozai《kexuetongbao》delunwentimushiyiyangde，danneironghuanranyixin，wenzhangjianjie、qingxi，zhengmingguochengchuchushanshuozhelingrenjingtandeyicai。

shijieshuxuejiehongdongle。chuyuzhengzhixuanwozhongdezhongguoshuxuejie，shangweicongnongzhongdeyayizhongwanquanjiefangchulai，danbushaoyoushizhishiyijingkandaolechenjingrunzhepianlunwendezhenzhengyiyi：tashiwujiazhibao，shiyikecongzhongguodadishengqidehuaguangsishedexinxing！

miqieguanzhuchenjingrungongkegedebahecaixiang（1＋2）dewaiguokexuejia，kandaozhepianlunwenyihou，zhenzhengxinfule。shijiezhumingshuxuejiahabeisitetancongxianggangdaxuededaochenjingrunlunwendefuyinjian，ruhuozhibao，lijijiangchenjingrunde（1＋2）xierutayuliqieertehezhuandezhuanzhuzhong。weiledengdaichenjingrundui（1＋2）dewanzhengzhengming，tamenbazhuanzhudechubantuiyanleshunianzhijiu。gaishudedishiyizhangjizuihouyizhang，yi“chenshidingli”weibiaoti，wenzhangyikaishijiushenqingdixiedao：“womenbenzhangdemudeshizhengmingchenjingrunxiamiandejingrendingli，womenshizaiqianshizhangyijingfuyinshicaizhuyidaozheyijieguode；congshaifaderenhefangmianlaishuo，tadoushiguanghuidedingdian。”

chenjingrundiexuebashedejingshen，gandonglesuoyoushenzhiqijianxinderenmen。hualuogengyayibuzhuneixindejidong，shuodao：“wodexueshengdegongzuozhong，zuishiwogandongdeshi（1＋2）。”

meiguozhumingshuxuejiae·weierzaidulechenjingrundeyixilielunwen，youqishiguanyugedebahecaixiang（1＋2）lunwenyihou，chongmanjiqingdipingjia：chenjingrundemeiyixianggongzuo，douhaoxiangshizaiximalayashanshandianshangxingzou。

zhejiushiworenshidechenjingrun。suiranzhishi40duonianqian，yuanyuanjianguotayimian。nacijiandaochenjingrun，shijiansuiduan，dangeiwozuishenkedeyinxiangshi：chenjingrunbingbuxiangciqiannapianbaogaowenxuezhongsuoxiedename“sha”。20duonianqian，womencongchenjingrundelaojiafuzhoushicangshanquchengmenzhenluleicunqibu，zainagemingrenbeichudexiulicunzhuangli，tingdaochenjingrunshaonianshidepengyouhexiangqinjiangshutadexuduoqushi；ranhoudaofuzhou，xunmidaochenjingrundedidichenjingguang，tareqingdijiangshulechenjingrunxuduoxianweirenzhideshiqing；zaifuzhoucangshanyinghuazhongxue，womenzhaodaochenjingrundexiaoyoulejieqingkuang，juranhaizaigaixiaodedanganguanlizhaodaochenjingrunduzhongxueshidechengjidanhejieshuka；shadashichenjingrundushuhegongzuoguodedifang，tadelaoshihetongbantongxue，xiangxijiangshuletamenyanzhongdechenjingrun；zuihouyizhanshibeijing，womenzaizhongguancunzhulexialai，yonglejinbangeyuedeshijian，renzhencaifangchenjingrundejiaren、tongshi。chenjingrunfurenyoukunnvshijiangshudeyigejingcaixijie，rangwodesixuturanxiangbeiqiangliedeyangguangzhaoliangleyiyang：youkunzhenchengdigaosuwomen，chenjingrunqishiyidiandoubusha，tagengduodeshitianzhen。dangnian，tafeichangxihuanhaizichenyouwei，tabaohaizidezishijiweiyouqu，touchaoxia、jiaochaoshang，sihubaozheyikepaodan！shuodaozheli，youkunhaimofangleyixiachenjingrundangnianbaohaizidezishi，xiaozheshuodao：“tadenagemoyang，jiuxiangyigedahaizi！”

“shuxueshangdejuren，qitafangmiandoushihaizi。”yigetuwuerlaideganwuhefaxian，ruxiongyongdedachao，jihuyaobawoxijuanerqu。zhenshitapotiexiewumichu，delaiquanbufeigongfu！wozhongyuzhaodaochenjingrunchuanderenwudingweile。zaishuxuelingyu，tabukuishijuren；ershenghuozhongdechenjingrunbushishazi，gengxiangyigetianzhendehaizi。anzhaozheyirenwudingwei，wokaishilechuangzuo，xiedehenshunli。cishuchubanhou，youkunhanzhereleishuo：“dulezhebenshu，yigehuoshengshengdejingrunjiuzhanzaiwomianqianle！”zheshiduiwozuidadeguli。

chenjingrunyongyuanshixianhuodelishi。tadechuanqishijingli，nongsuolezhengzhengyigeshidaidefengyu。chenjingrunbukuishizhongguozhishifenzidedianfanhekaimo，qushi27nianhou，tadediaoxiangchiqingshouwangzaimuxiaoshamendaxuexiaoyuanli。

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《guangmingribao》（2023nian05yue22ri11ban）

作者：李锐（北京师范大学教授）

笔者的学术研究，是从《孔子诗论》开始的。廖名春先生曾指出简文并非全部是孔子论诗，故改称《诗论》。而经过简序重排，所谓颂、雅、风的顺序说明显然站不住脚。《诗论》的出版，并没有解决大家关心的子夏传《毛诗》、诗序等问题。不过笔者曾经据《诗经》等，指出《关雎》《鹿鸣》《文王》《清庙》这风、小雅、大雅、颂的首诗，被称为鲁诗之“四始”者，体现了夫妇、君臣、父子和天人这四种关系，这种安排和解说，一定是有心而为之的。所以民国学界讲《关雎》是爱情诗，认为诗序称之为“后妃之德”大谬，这当然有思想解放的因素在，但是将古代学者把六艺等拔高为治人伦、合天人、齐政教之经典的用心也一并抛去，也就自己把士的身份降格了，学术研究不再是修齐治平的基础，抽去了自家安身立命的根基。

不过“四始”毕竟只是孔子删诗说中的一个小问题，而孔颖达、朱熹、叶适、朱彝尊、王士祯、赵翼、崔述等人都怀疑删《诗》之说，近代否认孔子与六经关系者更是主张此说。否定说的力量很强大，证据也很坚固，因为即便《诗论》有孔子论诗，也不能证明孔子编诗、删诗。而司马迁说“古者诗三千余篇”，孔子删为三百，可是现存佚诗很少；《左传》襄公二十九年季札观乐时，工所歌风诗，无出十三国之外者，其时孔子年仅八岁，这或许说明《诗》三百之说可能早就形成了。所以孔子有没有将三千首《诗》删为三百篇；孔子有没有定过《诗经》的顺序，仍然是孔子删诗说中的两个大问题。“四始”只是论风雅颂的开篇问题罢了。

其实说现存佚诗很少，这种思考问题的方式，是以现存古书为古人所见全部古书的思维方式作为预设（或者条件），受辑佚工作的影响，压制了“古书佚失观”。由现在出土的战国秦汉竹木简牍帛书来看，清华简《耆夜》录诗五首，只有一首接近《秦风·蟋蟀》。《周公之琴舞》录诗有十，却只有一首接近今存的《周颂·敬之》，已然是十才存一的比例。甚至《周公之琴舞》本身就可能已经有佚诗了，此篇说：“周公作多士敬怭，琴舞九絉”，但只录了一首“元纳启”，而成王所作“敬（儆）怭（毖），琴舞九絉”，才收录了全部的九启。

至于季札在鲁观乐的问题，他“请观于周乐”，虽然各国之风大体和《诗经》一致，小有顺序不同，但是乐之文本，却可能和《诗经》不一样。我们比较《周公之琴舞》中的《敬之》和《周颂·敬之》，《耆夜》中的《蟋蟀》和《唐风·蟋蟀》，就可以发现不同。那么，如果孔子依据鲁国的乐官所用之诗本作教材的底本，这看起来没有将古诗三千删减为三百，但是无疑已经承认了周王朝及鲁国乐官所做的选诗的工作。由于孔子的影响大，其后七十子将孔子所用之诗的版本传之四方，所以与《春秋》相似，虽然孔子的教材有所自来，但是其弟子后学是会说这是孔子修订的《诗经》（《春秋》）。故从古以来的乐官之选诗、编诗、删诗，也就可以归为孔子选诗、编诗、删诗了。如同编修《四库全书》就意味着禁毁不合格的书一样，选、编诗也就意味着删诗，故后世说孔子删诗。

删诗除了删去一些诗外，也有前贤所说篇删其章、章删其句、句删其字的工作，因为如同唐宋以后的填词一样，一个曲谱如《虞美人》，是可以用不同的词来配乐的，这些词也有本身的稿本和定本问题。所以《周公之琴舞》中的《敬之》和《周颂·敬之》，《耆夜》中的《蟋蟀》和《唐风·蟋蟀》以及安大简的《魏风·蟋蟀》，都可以合乐，而孔子只能选一个为底本，据之作出定本。

此外，诗经中有《鲁颂》，这和鲁有关系。《周颂》的合法性不需要讨论，《商颂》作为王者之后，也有一定合法性，鲁则只是诸侯，其有《鲁颂》被收入，只能从孔子是鲁人，所用的也是鲁之诗来考虑。别的国家如果有《诗经》选本，大概不会有《鲁颂》。当然，孔子祖先本是宋国人，《商颂》入选或许和这也有关系。《国语·鲁语下》载“昔正考父校商之名颂十二篇于周太师，以《那》为首”，则孔子是否十二选其五，就饶有趣味了。如果周之诗经版本有《商颂》的话，那恐怕最少该是十二篇。

从安徽大学藏简来看，《国风》的编整至少在当时还没有全部统一。《唐风·蟋蟀》在安大简中是被编入《魏风》，而整个安大简《魏风》十篇中，只有《葛屦》一篇属于《毛诗·魏风》，其余九篇全部属于《毛诗》中的《唐风》；安大简和《毛诗·魏风》都以《葛屦》为首篇，但是《毛诗·魏风》七篇中，其余六篇在安大简属于“侯”风（篇序也和《毛诗》小有不同），侯风此前从未出现于国风中，学者们虽然有一些推测，但是并没有比较统一的意见。此外，安大简《秦风·无衣》残存《毛诗》第二章的“（修我矛）戟，与子偕作”，其下有“曾子以组，明月将逝”，不见于《毛诗》，此下也无《毛诗》第三章，很可能安大简《无衣》的章序和《毛诗》不同。应该是后来孔子选编的诗本流传开后，安大简这些诗就逐渐消失了。

需注意者，《毛诗》未必是孔子编诗后的定本，只是我们现存较全的文本，方便作比较而已。甚至可以说孔子论诗的方式比《诗经》的定本更重要，汉代四家诗的最重要差别不是文本，而是论述方式。只是这些论述方式虽然名义上上承孔子，但是由《诗论》来看，恐怕还是有不小的差别。《诗论》基本上和《诗序》不相关，其间经历了哪些变化，还有待考察。

总之，传统所说孔子删诗，可能并非汉人造出来的说法，而是在孔子殁后、以孔子为圣人的背景下出来的说法。孔子（及其弟子）虽没有直接将古来的诗三千删为三百，但是他以鲁之诗经为底本，排除了其他国家的诗经版本，并且没有选当时还流传的一些佚诗，仍然可以算是承接古人，作了删诗、选诗、编诗的工作，故后人说孔子删诗。

《光明日报》（2023年05月22日13版）

（来源：冯兴国）